An introduction to Frank Wedekind


Frank Wedekind lived most of his adult life in Munich, though he had a brief period working in advertising, for the 'Maggi'

soup firm, in Switzerland in 1886. He had an affair with Frida Uhl who bore him a child. Having initially worked in business

and the circus, Wedekind went on to become an actor and singer. In this capacity he received wide acclaim as the principal star

of the satirical cabaret Die elf Scharfrichter (The Eleven Executioners), launched in 1901. It was thanks to Wedekind's success

that the tradition of German satirical writing was established in the theatre, producing the cabaret-song satirists Kurt

Tucholsky, Walter Mehring, Joachim Ringelnatz and Erich Kästner among others, who invigorated the culture of the Weimar

Republic; At the age of 34, after serving a nine-month prison sentence for "lèse-majesté" (thanks to the publication in

Simplizissimus of some of his satirical poems). Wedekind's first major play, Frühlings Erwachen (Spring ‘s Awakening, 1891),

which concerns sexuality and puberty among some young German students, caused a scandal, as it contained scenes of

masturbation, homoeroticism, and suicide, as well as references to abortion. The "Lulu" plays Erdgeist (Earth Spirit, 1895)

and Die Büchse der Pandora (Pandora's Box, 1904) are probably his best known works. Originally conceived as a single play,

the two pieces tell a continuous story of a sexually-enticing young dancer who rises in German society through her

relationships with wealthy men, but who later falls into poverty and prostitution. The frank depiction of sexuality and violence

in these plays, including suggestions of lesbianism and an encounter with Jack the Ripper (a role which Wedekind played

himself in the original production), pushed the boundaries of what was considered acceptable on the stage at the time. The

plays formed the basis for G W Pabst's acclaimed silent film Pandora's Box (1929), starring Louise Brooks as Lulu, and Alban

Berg's Lulu (1937), which is considered to be one of the masterpieces of twentieth-century opera. Der Kammersänger (The

Court-Singer, 1899) is a one-act character study of a famous opera singer who receives a series of unwelcome guests

at his hotel suite. In Franziska (1910), the title character, a young girl, initiates a Faustian pact with the Devil, selling her soul

for the knowledge of what it is like to live life as a man (reasoning that men seem to have all the advantages).

Read Prologue and Act One of the Lulu plays. Read Act Two. Read Act Three.